10. The Uncertain Future 439
7 . The member states of Mercosur are Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uru-
guay, and Venezuela. The affi liated members of the associated free-trade zone
are Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
8 . The members of NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement,
are Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
9 . The Southern African Development Community has fi fteen members:
Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagas-
car, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, The Seychelles, South Africa,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
10 . The members of ECOWAS, the Economic Community of West African
States, are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinee, Guinee
Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and
Togo.
11 . In 2007, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and
Sri Lanka were joined as members of SAARC (The South Asian Association
for Regional Cooperation) by Afghanistan.
12 . The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG),
usually referred to as the Gulf Cooperation Council, groups together Bahrain,
Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
13 . The member states of the E.U. are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, the Nether-
lands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the
United Kingdom. Croatia and Turkey, negotiating their accession, have asso-
ciated status.
14 . See Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Scenarios (Chicago: Island Press,
2005), www.millenniumassessment.org.
15 . Thirty years after the fi rst, best-known work on the resource-related
limits to growth, we have a new work by the redoubtable authorial team of
Donelli H. Meadows, Dennis Meadows, and Jorgen Andrews, The Limits to
Growth: The 30-Year Update (London and Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2004).
16 . See General Accountability Offi Uncertainty About ce, U.S. Congress,
Future Oil Supply Makes It Important to Develop a Strategy for Addressing a Peak
and Decline in oil Production (GAO-07–283), Feb. 2007.
17 . The cynicism and moral turpitude of the donors of “economic aid” to
the poorest countries form the subject of a provocative and highly concrete
book by Graham Hancock, Lords of Poverty (Nairobi: Camerapix Publishers
International, 2004).
18 . Orhan Pamuk, Snow (New York: Knopf, 2004), p. 240.
19 . David Edgerton, The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since
1900 (London: Profi 2006). le Books,