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Truth, Errors, and Lies: Politics and Economics in a Volatile World resources

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428 2. How Things Happen 8 . “Fit at 50? A Special Report on the European Union,” The Economist, March 17, 2007. 9 . William Faulkner, Requiem for a Nun (New York: Random House, 1959), Act I, Scene III. 3. A Brief History of the World and What We Can Learn from It 1 . Zygmunt Bauman,Wasted Lives. Modernity and Its Outcasts (London: Polity Press, 2004). 2 . Although this book devotes very little space to alternative history, it is worth consulting a collection of essays by leading Western historians, Robert Cowley (ed.), What If? Eminent Historians Imagine What Might Have Been (New York: Putnam, 2001). 3 . See Jacques Attali, 1492 (Paris: Fayard, 1991). 4 .Tango na głos i orkiestra [Tango for vocal and orchestra], words and mu- sic by Grzegorz Tomczak, vocal by Maryla Rodowicz, Antologia 3 (Polygram Polska, 1996). 5 . The queen’s award of a knighthood to Salman Rushdie led to interna- tional tensions, even between such allies as Pakistan and the U.S. Rushdie is the author of the controversial The Satanic Verses (London: Viking, 1988), which led to the subsequent fatwah by orthodox Islamists calling for his death. The Iranian authorities lifted the fatwah in 1998, but the affair fl ared up again when Rushdie reappeared on the international scene, now as Sir Salman, in June 2007. 6 . See the survey of leading futurologists in Joseph F. Coates and Jennifer Jarratt, What Futurists Believe (Bethesda: World Future Society, 1989). 7 . Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: OECD, 2001). This is the most frequently cited study of estimated output changes over the last 2,000 years. Maddison estimates per capita GDP in Western Europe in 1000 CE at about $400, which was $50 less than a thou- sand years earlier. The estimate uses 1990 prices. If the intervening infl ation is taken into account, these values would be almost $710 and $800, respectively, at 2007 prices. 8 . Some people think that the inhabitants of India are “Indians,” who are also sometimes erroneously referred to as “Hindus.” Hindus, regardless of where they live, profess the world’s oldest religion, Hinduism; there are at least a billion of them. 9 . There were about 300 million people in the world in 1 CE and about 310 million in 1000 CE, according to estimates by John D. Durand, Historical Es- timates of World Population: An Evaluation (Philadelphia: University of Penn-

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