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Th ing Is . . . e Most Important Th
Second- Level Th inking
The art of investment has one characteristic that is not
generally appreciated. A creditable, if unspectacular, re-
sult can be achieved by the lay investor with a minimum
of eff ort and capability; but to improve this easily attain-
able standard requires much application and more than
a trace of wisdom.
BEN GRAHAM, THE INTELLIGENT INVESTOR
Everything should be made as simple as possible, but
not simpler.
ALBERT EINSTEIN
It’s not supposed to be easy. Anyone who fi nds it easy is
stupid.
CHARLIE MUNGER
Few people have what it takes to be great investors. Some can be taught,
but not everyone . . . and those who can be taught can’t be taught everything.
Valid approaches work some of the time but not all. And investing can’t
be reduced to an algorithm and turned over to a computer. Even the best
investors don’t get it right every time.
Th e environment isn’t e reasons are simple. No rule always works. Th
controllable, and circumstances rarely repeat exactly. Psychology plays a
major role in markets, and because it’s highly variable, cause- and- eff ect
relationships aren’t reliable. An investment approach may work for a while,